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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=91TT1647>
<title>
July 29, 1991: Middle East:Why Assad Saw the Light
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
July 29, 1991 The World's Sleaziest Bank
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 29
MIDDLE EAST
Why Assad Saw the Light
</hdr><body>
<p>Syria shrewdly says yes to Bush's peace plan, but Israel suspects
a trick to shift the blame for future delays
</p>
<p>By George J. Church--Reported by Christopher Ogden with Baker
and Robert Slater/Jerusalem
</p>
<p> Syrian President Hafez Assad ordinarily is no one's idea
of a cooperative statesman, not with his record as a bloodily
repressive dictator. But Assad is shrewd enough to sense which
way the winds of world power are blowing. So last week he
accepted the American formula for a Middle East peace
conference. That, in effect, made him the first Arab leader
since Egypt's Anwar Sadat to agree to public, direct peace talks
with Israel: that is what the conference is supposed to lead to,
after a brief ceremonial opening.
</p>
<p> None of which necessarily means that a conference will
meet anytime soon. At least one of Assad's motives was to put
the onus of blocking peace squarely upon Israel, should Prime
Minister Yitzhak Shamir's government balk at accepting the same
terms. Shamir is alert to that danger, but he is far from avid
for a peace conference.
</p>
<p> So, as U.S. Secretary of State James Baker toured the
region, the betting was that the Israeli leader would stall, if
not turn Baker down flat. Defense Minister Moshe Arens
predicted to the newspaper Yediot Aharonot that Baker would
leave without any agreement that "will bring about the meeting
he wants to organize." Even if Shamir accepted, right-wing
parties would almost certainly leave his coalition and topple
the government. New elections would then delay a peace
conference further.
</p>
<p> Even so, Assad's move underlines the extent to which once
unfriendly countries are concluding that it is prudent to please
the U.S., the world's sole remaining superpower. The Syrian
President had long been a client of the Soviet Union and a
leader of the rejectionist Arab states that opposed any dealing
with Israel. But, American analysts believe, at the end of the
gulf war Assad realized he had reached a turning point: he could
become the unrivaled leader of Arab radicals--or he could bid
for status among the moderates. Assad decided, as one American
diplomat puts it, that "the future is with the U.S. and with the
Cairo-Riyadh-Damascus axis"--and that only the U.S. could help
Syria recover the Golan Heights from Israel.
</p>
<p> In a letter to George Bush last week, Assad accepted two
U.S. ideas: that the United Nations send only an observer to
the peace conference (Syria had originally wanted the U.N. to
play a major role) and that, after the conference had broken up
into bilateral talks between Israel and individual Arab states,
it reconvene only if the participants agree. Israel in effect
could veto resumption of the full conference.
</p>
<p> Shamir and his advisers, however, do not want U.N.
participation in any form. They see the U.N. as being implacably
anti-Israel. One official further scents a propaganda trap in
the proposal to give Israel a veto over reconvening a multisided
conference. The purpose, he fears, is to enable Syria and other
states to put all the blame on Israel if the bilateral talks
deadlock and Jerusalem does not let the full conference meet
again.
</p>
<p> The deeper problem is the government's fear that any kind
of peace talks will turn into a gang-up by the U.S. and Arab
nations to force Israel to give up the Golan Heights, the West
Bank and Gaza. Shamir is determined not to yield a square inch.
Thus the talk in Jerusalem is less about how to get talks
started than how to fend them off. Currently, Israeli officials
are longing for the U.S. presidential campaign to start in
earnest. Once the campaign is in full swing, they reason, no
candidate will risk putting pressure on Israel to yield to Arab
demands.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>